Since 2000, Australia’s planning department has overseen the massive re-division of industrial land in the inner city, paving the way for mixed-use residential development. They claim that the central industrial space is outdated in the post-industrial economy driven by knowledge, finance and real estate. Rezoning provides people with access to jobs and services, slowing urban expansion.
While industrial rezoning contributes to the densification of Australian cities, they also open the door to real estate speculation and accelerated upswing. This forced many people to move out and find affordable homes.
Instead of creating a walkable 20-minute block, the Ghost Store has seen many new mixed-use residential developments. The spread is still increasing.
Other problems stem from fundamental misunderstandings of contemporary manufacturing. The loss of the Central Industrial Zone has replaced a range of professional manufacturers, creative manufacturers and small businesses. Work with them to get the quality work and important services they provide. In the process, the diversity of land use and employment that policymakers want is reduced.
Heritage building protection and sustainability
This article is part of our architectural heritage series, designed to protect heritage buildings and places while making them as sustainable as possible. The contemporary philosophy of protection in Western culture has existed for 140 years and has been developing for 30 years. Are these principles compatible or conflict?
There are no clear definitions of heritage buildings. It has several components that coexist to varying degrees. These include:
Culture and history
Intrinsic and use value
Symbol
The relationship between architecture and location.
Buildings may not have any legacy value as a property, but they are valuable because of major events there. The heritage building meets the important needs of cultural experience and leisure, creating convenience for the tourism industry. Heritage buildings have other positive economic impacts, such as higher rents and occupancy rates.
When talking about heritage, many words are used – save, refurbish, repair and protect. What do they mean? What conditions and responsibilities did they produce?
Renovation means “re-innovation”. In a building that has undergone multiple interventions, the question is: When did we renovate? The results depend on the documentation available for the original construction method, materials and layout.
Savings are designed to stop the deterioration and ensure that it does not change. It places requirements on materials and methods because the final appearance is no longer the most important factor. Instead, the goal is to preserve the building structure as much as possible.
Reversible repair: All repairs or additions must be reversible and detachable. This work should not affect the condition of the original materials now and in the future.
Protecting a building means that the building decides what to do; it does not involve art selection or material experiments. In the understanding of the term, interventions that alter the performance of water and energy use may be limited. It also eliminates changes that alter the fabric or appearance of the building.
It is important to understand these definitions, and the boundaries between definitions will vary with the environment and the buildings involved.
Inherent sustainability of heritage buildings
The heritage building itself is environmentally sustainable and has a high level of energy.
Buildings in the pre-industrial period may contain more natural, low-energy, less chemically-rich materials. However, they are earlier than concerns about the use of energy and water, so this can be high. There are indeed opportunities to optimize the use of water and energy in heritage buildings.
Many old buildings are designed and built to suit the local climate. A good example is the traditional Queensland house, which is designed to keep the airflow underneath the building cool. In other regions, high heat quality makes summer buildings cool and winter warm. Save to reduce landfill waste, dismantle energy use and new buildings. The concept of adaptive reuse, reducing the maintenance, use and use of energy use also affects the sustainability of heritage buildings.
Applying the principles of circular economy to renovation can improve sustainability. Combining the use of energy and materials, quality and adaptability, sustainability and measurement of the overall sustainability of heritage buildings can be discussed. On an equal footing, we need to consider the social and economic sustainability of heritage buildings. Many old buildings are designed and built to suit the local climate. A good example is the traditional Queensland house, which is designed to keep the airflow underneath the building cool. In other areas, high heat makes the summer buildings cool and the winter warm.
Savings reduce waste in landfills, dismantle energy use and new buildings. The concept of adaptive reuse, reducing the maintenance, use and use of energy use also affects the sustainability of heritage buildings.
Applying the principles of circular economy to renovation can improve sustainability. Combining energy, material use, quality and adaptability, sustainability can be discussed and the overall sustainability of heritage buildings measured.
Again, we need to consider the social and economic sustainability of heritage buildings.
So how does the policy develop to manage all of this?
In 1877, William Morris established the Ancient Building Protection Association (SPAB). While dealing with the protection of the 19th century Britain, the principles are still the foundation of the architectural philosophy of the various styles and eras of protection.
Founded in 1964, the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) is a global non-governmental organization associated with UNESCO that shares best practices on a global scale. The United Nations identified sustainable development in 1987 and expressed growing concerns about the economic, social and environmental impacts of development.
Later, countries adopted the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Goal 11 covers sustainable cities and communities. Objective 11.4 aims to: “Strengthen efforts to protect and protect the world’s cultural and natural heritage” with the goal of “making cities inclusive, safe, adaptive and sustainable”. This provides an overall framework for heritage buildings.
The International Council of Monuments and Sites promotes the protection, protection, use and enhancement of cultural heritage. The International Council of Monuments and Sites is closely involved in sustainable development, organizing scientific events and publishing policy documents to highlight the role of heritage. Resources include best practice guidelines and advice at both international and national levels.
ICOMOS influences Australian practices through regulations, ethics statements and principles, and procedural manuals. In Australia, heritage protection began in the 1930s, and the list of buildings evolved into a register of heritage attributes.
Australia’s state heritage offices and councils are involved in strategic projects that contribute to sustainable development. These include cultural landscapes, wind turbines and heritage. The policy framework and strategic plan for heritage and sustainable development enable the Australian Heritage Council, national heritage institutions and stakeholders to commit to sustainable development.
However, consider changing or rehabilitating local building development applications at the local government level. In some areas, expertise and resources related to heritage, conservation concepts and sustainability may be limited. The good news is that Australia has guidance on a balance between heritage and sustainable development.
Green is not easy
Heritage is closely related to sustainable development. Understanding the heritage helps us better understand the cultural and social systems. Understanding the philosophical definition of terminology is crucial.
Sustainability is an important tool for heritage conservation. Another consideration is time, which includes ever-changing, evolving uses that add to the heritage.
We believe that many buildings of the estate have taken place over time. For example, the Tower of London has castles, homes, museums, prisons and tourist attractions in its 900-year history.
If we want to maintain social and economic use, sometimes we need to accept change. In these cases, the reversibility of maintenance is an effective method.
To sum up: it is very complicated. Buildings are unique and need to be evaluated at different levels:
What is the heritage value?
What work has been proposed?
What is the current level of sustainability?
Can reversible measures be taken without damaging the original building structure?
Protecting heritage and sustainable development are important goals. Need to identify, evaluate, document and manage conflicts to achieve the best balance.